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Effect of hypocaloric diet-induced weight loss in obese women on plasma apelin and adipose tissue expression of apelin and APJ

I Castan-Laurell, U858 équipe 3, I2MR, INSERM , Toulouse, F-31432 , France
M Vitkova, Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, 3rd faculty of medecine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
D Daviaud, INSERM, U858 equipe 3, I2MR, Toulouse, France
C Dray, INSERM, U858 equipe 3, I2MR, Toulouse, France
M Kovacikova, Dpt of sport medecine, Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, 3rd faculty of medecine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Z Kovacova, Dpt of sport medecine, Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, 3rd faculty of medecine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
J Hejnova, Dpt of sport medecine, Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, 3rd faculty of medecine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
V Stich, Dpt of sport medecine, Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, 3rd faculty of medecine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
P Valet, INSERM, U858 equipe 3, I2MR, Toulouse, France

Correspondence: Isabelle Castan-Laurell, Email: isabelle.castan{at}toulouse.inserm.fr

Abstract

Abstract

Objective: Apelin is a novel adipokine acting on APJ receptor, regulated by insulin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in adipose tissue (AT). Plasma apelin levels are increased in obese hyperinsulinemic subjects. The aim was to investigate whether the hypocaloric diet associated with weight loss modifies the elevated plasma apelin levels and the expression of apelin and APJ receptor in AT in obese women.

Design and Methods: Fasting plasma levels of apelin and TNF as well as mRNAs levels of apelin and APJ in AT were measured before and after a 12 weeks of hypocaloric weight-reducing diet in 20 obese women (BMI before diet 32.2 +/- 6.4 kg.m2). Twelve healthy women with a BMI of 20.7 +/- 0.6 kg.m2 served as reference.

Results: Plasma levels of apelin and TNF were higher in obese compared with lean controls. The hypocaloric diet resulted in a significant decrease of BMI to 29.8+/- 6.3 kg.m2, plasma insulin (8.16 +/- 0.73 to 6.58 +/- 0.66 mU/L), apelin (369 +/- 25 pg/ml vs 257 +/- 12 pg/ml), TNF levels (0.66 +/- 0.04 pg/ml vs 0.56 +/- 0.04 pg/ml) and AT mRNAs of apelin and APJ. In addition, changes in AT mRNA apelin were related to changes in AT mRNA APJ levels.

Conclusion: The hypocaloric diet associated with weight loss reduces the increased plasma and AT expression of apelin in obese women. This reduced apelin expression in AT could contribute to decreased circulating apelin levels.