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Low frequency of p⁵³ mutations in human thyroid tumors; p⁵³ and Ras mutation in two out of fifty-six thyroid tumours

Salvatore D, Celetti A, Fabien N, Paulin C, Martelli ML, Battaglia C, Califano D, Monaco C, Viglietto G, Santoro M, Fusco A. Low frequency of p⁵³ mutations in human thyroid tumors; p⁵³ and Ras mutation in two out of fifty-six thyroid tumours. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:177–83. ISSN 0804–4643

Objective: p⁵³ is a well-known nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by a suppressor gene known to be mutated in various kinds of human tumours. A relationship between p⁵³ gene mutation and tumour progression seems to be a common feature of several neoplasias. Desing: In order to investigate the role of p⁵³ mutations in human thyroid tumours, DNA samples derived from fifty-six neoplastic tissues, ranging from benign adenomas to undifferentiated carcinomas, were examined for the presence of p⁵³ gene mutations. Methods: The analysis has been conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the exons 5–9 of the p⁵³ gene followed by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and sequence analyses. Results: One anaplastic carcinoma and one papillary carcinoma showed p⁵³ gene mutations in exons 5 and 8, respectively. A cell line established from the papillary carcinoma showed the same mutation present in the original tumour. Both p⁵³ mutations were heterozygous. The p⁵³ positive samples were analysed for other genetic alterations frequently detected in human thyroid carcinomas (mutations of the RET, TRK, and ras oncogenes): both p53-mutated samples proved to be mutated at level of codon 13 of the c-Ki-ras gene. Conclusions: Our data confirm that p⁵³ gene alterations are rare in well-differentiated thyroid tumours, that they are an important requirement for the establishment in culture of human thyroid carcinoma cell lines, and that they can be associated with other genetic alterations, namely ras mutations, in the malignant progression of thyroid tumours.

Alfredo Fusco, Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy

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